The Trials Of The Nuremberg - 1630 Words

Values Conflict Paper - Nuremberg Trials The Nuremberg Doctors Trial of 1946 is the preeminent case recognizing the importance of medical ethics and human rights specifically about human research subjects. The defendants in the trials include Nazi leadership, physicians, and investigators prosecuted for conducting unethical and inhumane medical experiments on civilians and prisoners of war resulting in extreme pain, suffering, permanent injury and often death. The Nuremberg Code, borne of these trials, establishes ethical guidelines for human experimentation to ensure the rights of subjects in medical research. Herein, this writer will first identify and discuss ethical dilemmas presented in the Nuremberg case followed by three†¦show more content†¦Ethical Standards 1.02 Self-Determination The second subsection of the NASW Code of Ethics is 1.02 Self-Determination. This standard highlights the clients’ right to be involved in the decision making process regarding his/her treatment and care, to include refusing treatment. This standard also speaks to the clients’ understanding that these rights may be limited by the social worker â€Å"†¦when, in the social workers’ professional judgment, clients’ actions or potential actions pose a serious, foreseeable, and imminent risk to themselves or others† (NASW website, 2017). Nazi scientists and physicians conducted torturous and human experiments on prisoners of war held in concentration camps throughout Germany. These involuntary experimental subjects were not involved in the decision-making process regarding their treatment and care and were, in fact, â€Å"treated† against their will. â€Å"Prisoners were forced to drink poisoned water and breathe noxious gases.† (G ambrill, 2004, p. 14). Doctors forcing individuals to participate in clinical trials directly contradicts the ethical standard of self-determination hence the application to the Nuremberg case. 1.03 Informed Consent The third subsection of the NASW Code of Ethics is 1.03Show MoreRelatedThe Trials Of The Nuremberg Trials1345 Words   |  6 Pagesis it possible that the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials, which were held by the Allied Powers after World War II, did not execute this man? The Nuremberg Trials were a series of thirteen trials held between 1945 and 1949 to prosecute some Nazi war criminals. The trials were held in Nuremberg, Germany, because its courthouse was not damaged from the war. The four Allied Powers held the hearings, and the best-known trial was the Trial of Major War Criminals (â€Å"Nuremberg Trials†). The fact of the matterRead MoreNuremberg Trials2619 Words   |  11 Pagesindicted for aggressive war, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Of the twenty-four twenty-one were taken into custody and put on trial; these were known as the Nuremberg Trials. These trials started on November 20th 1945 and were the first ever war crime tribunal. The T rials were held by the Allied forces of World War II and were held in the city of Nuremberg in Bavaria Germany out of the Palace of Justice. Accusations placed against them were for their involvement in the Nazi Party during WorldRead MoreThe Nuremberg Trials1601 Words   |  7 PagesNuremberg Trials Andrew Dangler University of Phoenix Abstract: A brief look at the Nuremberg Trials and some of the people involved. It steps upon the problems leading to the start of the trials including three of the doctors, three of the experiments performed on prisoners, and the judgment of three people involved with carrying out the vulgar experiments. Also included are three people who decided to commit suicide instead of facing certain death after going before a jury. The three peopleRead MoreThe Trials Of The Nuremberg Trials984 Words   |  4 Pagesjustice. The first international trial, the Nuremberg Trials brought many of these nazi war criminals to justice. The Nuremberg Trials were separate trials to bring Nazis to justice. It involved many people, not just the nazis. The trials had a positive outcome, however some may find it surprising. Indeed, the Nuremberg Trials will be remembered as the first international trials, bringing criminals to justice. To begin with, the Nuremberg Trials are the first trial to deal with crimes against humanityRead MoreThe Importance Of The Nuremberg Trials955 Words   |  4 PagesThe Nuremberg Trials: A Step Towards International Law Starting in 1945, a series of trials occurred that helped the international court system form and develop into what is is today. These set of trials were called the Nuremberg Trials. Whereas some described the Nuremberg Trials as a â€Å"sanctimonious fraud† and a â€Å"high-grade lynching party, the international military tribunal at nuremberg was an event of world-historical importance because it was the first successful international criminal courtRead MoreThe Nuremberg Of Trial ( 1946 )1127 Words   |  5 Pages1. The Nuremberg Doctors Trial (1946) Brief Summary: The Nuremberg Doctor’s trial of 1946 involves human experimentation performed by the Nazi doctors. These physicians were accused of conducting torturous â€Å"experiments† with concentration camp inmates. During these studies, physicians conducted treatments that were not permitted and caused severe injuries to the participants, and in some cases, participants died as a result of this. Prisoners were left to freeze to study more on hypothermia. LaterRead MoreThe Wartime Of The Nuremberg Trials4114 Words   |  17 PagesWhereas some 5,000 Nazi’s were charged with war crimes, the Nuremberg trials were designed specifically to prosecute high ranking Nazi officials with whom the authority for the commission of heinous atrocities rested. The Nuremberg Trials would therefore be marked in history as one of its kind. Prior to its formation, war crimes were limited to the military courts of the individual countries and for the very first time the Nuremberg Trials would mark the inception of the concept of collective guiltRead MoreEssay on The Nuremberg Trials2224 Words   |  9 PagesThe Nuremberg Trials More than half a century has passed since the end of World War Two and to this day it is still difficult to fully understand the severity of what was by far the most destructive war in human history. More than sixty million people were killed during World War Two and more than half of those were innocent town’s people. Among the dead were over six million Jews, which was two thirds of the total living race in Europe at the time. Beyond these general statistics were thousandsRead MoreThe s Rope At The Nuremberg Trials1315 Words   |  6 PagesAlbert Speer, Architect by trade, Hitler devotee and personal favourite, Government Minister in Nazi Germany and the one who slipped through the hangman’s rope at the Nuremberg Trials. A controversial man of the 20th Century whose overall contribution and legacy in relation to the ‘grand stage of history’ has fueled an enormous debate amongst historians around his legitimacy in the Nazi Regime. It is often said  "individuals are a product of their time†. Was Speer’s timing unfortunate or was he justRead MoreThe Nuremberg Trials Rewritten Essay858 Words   |  4 Pagesin their shoes? No one understands what truly goes on in someone else’s mind. For that reason alone judging one another is wrong. â€Å"The year world war II finally ended, a courtroom in Nuremberg, Germany, became the scene of what would be called the greatest trials of the world† (www.pbs.org)†. When the Nuremberg trials began Nazi’s were judged on what role they played during Hitler’s reign. Though, instead of the German and Jewish citizens judging the Nazi’s it was the Americans. The major discussion

P5,M2 Unit 1 Business Enviroment Essay - 1604 Words

P5 - Describe how John Lewis would be influenced by economic factors in a time of economic recession and economic growth in the UK economy The two economic environments that I would be describing about are recession and growth on the business activities of John Lewis. Growth occurs when more goods are being produced and consumed, and also incomes are rising. During growth people spend more money on goods and services as they have more money to spend and also businesses would invest more and hire more labour as it links to increasing demand. Recession however occurs when people involved in business become more cautious so they cut their spending down and also cut back on their orders as well as making workers unemployed or redundant.†¦show more content†¦This will benefit John Lewis as sales for the good quality products would be increasing which furthermore could lead to John Lewis recovering from their losses if they were in one and go into break even or begin to start getting profits. John Lewis would buy more stock from its suppliers at this period of the economic environment as when demand increases you mus t get more supply to meet that demand. Also John Lewis at the time since they buy in bulk from their suppliers they can benefit from getting more stock at a good price that gives good value for money, as usually suppliers would offer you extra amounts of stock if you buy in large quantities. During this period of time interest rates would be low compared to in recession because there isn’t as much financial institutions to try get as much finance as they can from small amounts of borrowings from their company in this period as customers, business etc intend to borrow more money in this period of time as they are fairly financially stable, so to encourage the businesses and customers to begin taking sources of finance they lower the rates. So John Lewis is more likely to start borrowing sources of finance if needed then in the period of growth. Recession affects the business activities for John Lewis because in recessions it

Genome Patterns of Common DNA Variations in Three Human Populations Free Essays

The article â€Å"Whole-Genome Patterns of Common DNA Variations in Three Human Populations† provides detailed and examination of core individual differences in DNA sequences. The authors pay attention to genetic basis of human variability stressing that it is variability that identify differences in DNA sequences. The article touches the following issues: a dense SNP map; common SNPs in three populations; natural selection between populations; structure of common populations; LD and functional elements, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Genome Patterns of Common DNA Variations in Three Human Populations or any similar topic only for you Order Now Further, the interesting moment is analyzing the impact of genetic variations on human health. They conducted their examination in more than 70 ancestries in Asian, American and African countries. The researchers revealed that linkage disequilibrium is the main reason of genetic variations. It means that functional genomic elements are correlated with particular regions of linkage imbalance. Then the authors proceed to identifying the role of common genome variations and their impact of human traits, ancestries and populations. 71 unrelated individual were chosen for investigation: 23 African Americans, 24 Europeans and 24 Asians. The metrics were scored: call rate, observed genotype clusters, and consistency with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Actually, these tests are considered very effective because they ensure quality control. During investigation, researchers revealed more than 112 million individual genotypes, whereas the missing data accounts only 5%. Most of SNPs are found to be high-quality genotypes with polymorphic structure. Further, 94% of African Americans’ SNPs have two alleles, whereas only 84% of Europeans and Americans’ SNPs have two alleles. After reading the paper, two questions appear on the agenda: 1. What methods are the most effecting in analyzing phenotypic differences and DNA variations? 2. What are particular effects of genome variations on human psyche? References Hinds D. , Stuve L. , Nilsen G. B. , Halperi, E. , Eskin E. , Ballinger D. , Frazer K. , Cox, D. (2005, February 18). Whole-Genome Patterns of Common DNA Variations in Three Human Populations. Science, 307, 1072-1079. How to cite Genome Patterns of Common DNA Variations in Three Human Populations, Papers

Marketing & Management Social Gatherings and Traditional Customs

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Managementfor Social Gatherings and Traditional Customs. Answer: Introduction: Events have formed an important aspect of human civilization without the coining of the term. The social gatherings, traditional customs involving the gathering of people at a single place such as marriages and bar mitzvahs could be considered as examples of events. The evolution of different types of social gatherings for distinct purposes such as corporate events, product launch events and fundraisers indicates the requirements for complying with the marketing requisites adopted for a particular event (Preston, 2012). The following report clarifies the definition of special events and the relevant categories which are associated with varying purposes (Bowdin et al., 2011). The case study of Notting Hill carnival as a special event in the report enables a clear understanding of the scope and outcomes of marketing in events as well as the significance of marketing mix in strategies for event marketing. Furthermore, the report also illustrates a cognizable impression of essential conc ept such as planning and control in context of Notting Hill carnival. Finding and Analysis Definition and Classification of Special Events: Special events also form a category of events and are defined as functions or social gatherings on specific occasions for the purposes of fundraising by communities or non-profit organizations involved in the event. The classification of special events into distinct categories also dictates a cohesive interpretation of special events and the varying levels of complexity associated with different special events. Special events also require the integrated application of marketing concepts which can obtain substantial attendance at the event alongside ensuring reasonable returns expected by the organizers (Chiu, 2014). The primary objectives of special events include accomplishment of publicity, financial returns, and awareness related to public issues, recognition of people, realization of cultural perspectives or creating reputation as a base for fundraising events in the future. The different types of special events include dinners, grand openings, fairs, functions and carnivals. The se events are solely associated with distinct purposes such as functions which could include fundraising activities for support such as auctions. Grand openings also contribute to the awareness among people of a community (de Oliveira et al., 2013). Scope and Impact of Marketing and Events: The Notting Hill Carnival signifies a major cultural event in London and has been considered as an annual event by the local population since 1966. The carnival takes place in August on the bank holiday on Monday and the preceding Sunday. The event is organized by the London Notting Hill Carnival Enterprises Trust comprising of chairperson, arena directors, non executive directors, trustees and staff members. The scope for marketing in the Notting Hill Carnival can be verified from the analysis of vision and mission statement of the trust. The long term objective of the trust is vested in transforming the perception of international, local and national audience towards the carnival (Gilliland et al., 2013). The methodology applied by the trust in the carnival reflects the mission statement which aims at utilization of carnival art such as entertainment, education and artistic excellence in a coherent fashion for accomplishing desired objectives. Figure: Notting Hill Carnival Source: (Gerritsen van, 2014) The Sunday parade is the next event in the Carnival which showcases prolific stage performance and a vibrant display of children dressed in creative costumes. The Sunday parade is also characterized with dancing on the streets in the carnival. The final Monday parade event includes dancing by a wide range of groups dressed in assorted costumes and music performances live on stage (Gerritsen van, 2014). The Monday parade also includes services of additional activities and food. The cultural significance associated with the event as well as the implications of the carnival on local community provide appropriate scope for marketing of the carnival. Role of Marketing Mix in Event Marketing: Marketing mix is defined as the cumulative integration and application of four distinct element related to an organization. It has been a crucial resource for accomplishment of the marketing objectives of an organization. Event marketing could also derive the required efficiency through implementation of marketing mix effectively in the special events. Product, price, placement and promotion are the four significant elements of marketing mix and are considered as major contributors to realization of organizational success (Getz Page, 2016). Therefore moderated application of marketing mix in special events could also result in success of the event and accomplishment of objectives preferred by the organizers (Harmeling et al., 2015). Figure: Marketing Mix Source: (Harmeling et al., 2015) Product of an event could be defined from the nature of event. For example, a grand opening is a special event in which the product is the new product or service being launched. Therefore the attendance of the event is based on the product. In case of Notting Hill carnival the products include music performance live on stage, chivalrous parades of people dressed in colored and flamboyant outfits as well as the excellent art depicted on the streets in the form of dance by different bands on the day of the final parade (Hatfield, 2016). The price of a product also determines the attractiveness of the product and in case of an event the price is a major determinant of success. People from the middle income level would feel restricted to attend events which are prized way above their capacities and it may go against their social philosophy. In Notting Hill Carnival, the events are free for everyone to attend and therefore the price aspect for marketing the carnival does not present any f ormidable obstacles (McKelvey Longley, 2015). The promotion aspect of Notting Hill Carnival has to be addressed through online promotions and increasing awareness about the underlying initiatives of the event. Furthermore, the carnival could capitalize on public perception as it has been preferred as a sign of London culture. Finally, the place in marketing mix could be realized by expansion of the carnivals footprint and improving the local community infrastructure for catering a wider attendee base (Mair Whitford, 2013). Planning and Control in Notting Hill Carnival: The scope for realization of marketing concepts such as planning and control appears to be a mandatory inclusion in the requirements of marketing plan development. The planning aspect of Notting Hill carnival can be defined from the three distinct dimensions of competitive strategy, positioning and target markets. The competitive strategy which could be implemented in case of Notting Hill carnival refers to the delineation of government objectives in context of the event and thereby identifying the necessary resources, infrastructure, programs, policies and staffing. The target market for Notting Hill carnival is vested in the youth which could be attracted to the national steel bands and live onstage music performance by renowned bands as well as the glorious depiction of carnival arts (Pan, Snyder Sun, 2015). The target audience could also include foreign individuals with a knack for the arts which provides substantial prospects for international promotion of the event. The positi oning of the event is also a notable aspect required for success of the event. Notting Hill carnivals positioning is dependent on the promotion activities which take the event to the people. The programs of the Notting Hill carnival trust for ensuring stewardship i.e. training of candidates for the carnival arts. These activities pose a considerable advantage for the carnival due to access to the desired market segment (Rogers Davidson, 2015). The concerns for control in the Notting Hill Carnival have to be realized through monitoring and evaluation alongside risk management. The organizers could take care of the control aspect of the carnival by monitoring the marketing activities on a recurrent basis prior to and throughout the carnival. Execution of necessary phases of the event and the implementation of planning stage precisely in the event are also reviewed by the organizers of the carnival i.e. Notting Hill Carnival Enterprises Trust. Risk management is considered as an integral aspect of the marketing concepts associated with the marketing plan for the carnival (Tinnish Mangal, 2012). Risk management is primarily required for limiting any sort of detrimental behavior from the public, safety arrangements and compliance to government regulations during the execution of the event. Furthermore, the risk management for the carnival must include checking of the food quality served in the carnival according to local commu nity regulations and national standards for food certification (Rogers Davidson, 2015). Conclusion: The report essentially focused on the review of special events and relevant marketing practices which can be used to improve productivity of the events. The case study of Notting Hill carnival was assumed as an example of special event and the distinct aspects of marketing such as marketing mix and marketing planning were illustrated comprehensively in the report. The definitions provided in the report drew references from core literature on marketing in business management and event management for generating a comprehensive impression of marketing concept in event marketing. The perceived outcomes of marketing and the opportunities available for the organizers of special event could be understood from the report through the review of individual events in the Notting Hill carnival and the relevant marketing implications associated with them. Finally, the report concluded that application of marketing concepts in context of special events must be largely dependent on the specific mark et segments and scope for sustainability in order to facilitate the required success for a special event. References Bowdin et al. 2011. Events Management. 3 rd Edn. New York, Routledge. C.A.Preston 2012. Event Marketing. 2 nd Edn. New Jersey, Wiley. Chiu, Y.Y., 2014. A Study of Satisfaction Towards Event Marketing Audience Participation and Urban Identity-Examplified by the 2013 World Sports Dance Conference. de Oliveira, L.M.R., Mazzei, L.C., Rocco Junior, A.J. and Csar, F.S., 2013. Shares perspectives on sports marketing school events: a study of brands and sponsorship. InRevista Intercontinental de Gesto Desportiva(Vol. 3, No. Suppl. 1, pp. 70-82). AIGD-Aliana Intercontinental de Gesto do Desporto. Gilliland, C., Burke, V.C., Klawikowski, D., Cumberland, M., Khatkhatay, A.A., Varghese, A., Bhattacharjee, R. and Das, V., Sears Brands, LLC, 2013.Systems and methods for creating and managing marketing applications, events, promotions, and publications. U.S. Patent Application 13/757,485. Gerritsen, D. and van Olderen, R., 2014.Events as a Strategic Marketing Tool. CABI. Getz, D. and Page, S.J., 2016.Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events. Routledge. Harmeling, C.M., Palmatier, R.W., Houston, M.B., Arnold, M.J. and Samaha, S.A., 2015. Transformational relationship events.Journal of Marketing,79(5), pp.39-62. Hatfield, L.M., 2016. Sponsorship in marketing:: Effective communication through sports, arts and events.Journal of Sport Management,30(1), pp.97-98. McKelvey, S. and Longley, N., 2015. Event-specific ambush marketing legislation for mega-sporting events: an economics perspective.International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship,16(5), pp.20-35. Mair, J. and Whitford, M., 2013. An exploration of events research: Event topics, themes and emerging trends.International Journal of Event and Festival Management,4(1), pp.6-30. Pan, W., Snyder, N.D. and Sun, W.J., Linkedln Corporation, 2015.Inferring contributions of content to marketing events. U.S. Patent Application 14/700,898. Rogers, T. and Davidson, R., 2015.Marketing destinations and venues for conferences, conventions and business events(Vol. 14). Routledge. Tinnish, S.M. and Mangal, S.M., 2012, October. Sustainable event marketing in the MICE industry: A theoretical framework. InJournal of Convention Event Tourism(Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 227-249). Taylor Francis Group.