Dce Essay Essays - Action Heroes, Boromir, Frodo Baggins, Gandalf

Dce Essay Frodo relied upon his mental state in order to survive the onslaught of Mordor and ultimately fulfill his quest. Not only did he become smarter mentally but grew wiser and learned new things. Frodo tells Gandalf how he feels about big people (he thought all big people were the same, stupid.) Frodo says: ?For I have become very fond of Strider. Well, fond is not the right word. I mean he is dear to me; though he is strange and grim at times. In fact he reminds me often of you. I didn't know any of the big people were like that. I thought, well, that they were just big, and rather stupid: kind and stupid like Butterbur ; or stupid and wicked like Bill Ferney. But then we don't know much about men in the Shire, except perhaps Breelanders.? Pg. 267 Frodo grew wiser and more cautious of men. He began to realize there traits and imperfections, and in order for him to succeed in his quest he would have to be wary of them at all times. We later learn of Boromir a man who wanted to keep the ring and use it against the enemy. Frodo became aware that trouble may arise in the future with Boromir. The ring was to be destroyed so all evil in Middle earth could be vanquished. We learn: ?Frodo caught something new and strange in Boromirs glance, and he looked hard at him. Plainly Boromirs thoughts were different from his final words. It would be folly to throw away the ring of power? He had said something like this at the council, but then accepted the correction of Elrond.? Pg. 435 Frodo detected Boromirs intent was evil. Frodo was mentally sharp and detected danger. He knew that Boromir could jeopardize his quest and stop him from fulfilling his goal. In order to stop this he would have to display the same mental sharpness to avoid such calamity. English Essays

buy custom Frequency Hopping essay

buy custom Frequency Hopping essay Frequency hopping is the repeated switching of frequencies during radio transmission so as to minimize the effectiveness of unauthorized interception or jamming of telecommunications, also known as, the frequency-hopping code division multiple accesses (FH-CDMA) (Scholtz, 1982). A transmitter in a spread spectrum facilitates a signal to be transmitted across a frequency band, which is wider than the minimum bandwidth needed by the information signal. Its advantages include improved privacy, increased signal capacity and decreased narrowband interference. The FH-CDMA system works in such a way that, a transmitter moves between available frequencies according to a random or preplanned algorithm, which then ensures that the transmitter and the receiver are in tune with the same centre frequency (Scholtz, 1982). As The transmitter transmits a short burst of data on a narrow band, it tunes into another frequency and transmits again, while the receiver being in tune with the transmitter also moves its frequency over a given bandwidth several times a second, thereby transmitting on one frequency for a certain period of time before hoping to another frequency and transmitting again as the cycle continues (Scholtz, 1982). The advantage of this system is that, it is cheaper, highly resistant to narrowband interference, uses less energy, and difficult to intercept as there is coexistence of several access points in the same area. An alternative to FH-CDMA is the direct sequence code division multiple accesses (DS-CDMA), which instead of hopping from frequency to frequency, as the FH-CDMA does, it chops the data into small pieces and spreads them across the frequency domain (Price, 1983). There are basically two types of frequency hopping namely; the base Band Frequency Hoping (BBH) and Synthesizer Frequency Hopping (SFH) with their main difference being the way they establish the Base to Mobile Station Link (downlink) (Price, 1983). The Base Band Frequency Hopping is prepared by routing the traffic channel data throgh fixed frequency DRCUs, by the use of the TDM highway, on a timeslot basis through a fixed tuned transmitters combined either in low loss tuned combines or hybrid combiners. The result is that, information for every call is moved among the available DRCUs on a per burst basis (Burst of 577$), while call hops are between same timeslots of all DRCUS, for example, if a network running on a fixed frequency plan is switched over to BBH (BCCH included in MA list) without any frequency changes there will be an improvement in the network quality (Price, 1983). The second type of frequency hopping is the Synthesizer Frequency hopping, which makes use of high spee d switching of the transmitter and the receiver frequency synthesizers of the individual DRCUs. Here, DRCUs changes transmitting frequency at every burst while calls stay on the same DRCU where it started, that is, transmission and reception are done on the same timeslot and DRCU (Price, 1983). A polish engineer, Leonard Danilewicz, came up with the idea in 1929, however, the most well known inventor was Hedy Lamarr, a movie star, and George Antheil, a pianist, who in 1942 were issued with a patent for the technique during world war 2 after they discovered how to control the frequency hops of the piano and envisioned it as a way of providing secure communications during the war (Kozaczuk, 1984).. This early version used a piano-roll to change between 88 frequencies and was projected to make radio-guided torpedoes harder for enemies to detect or jam (Popovski, Yomo Prasad, 2006). Although it was Hedy who first discovered the technique, Sylvania, in 1950s, introduced a related concept and called it spread spectrum, which can be used by the military or civilians. The militarys communications radios utilize cryptographic procedures to produce the channel sequence that is under a secret Transmission Security Key TRANSEC that the sender and the receiver have in common (Popovski, Yomo Prasad, 2006). Improved military frequency hopping radios, including the US millitary, use separate encryption devices like KY-57 which provides superior protection against eavesdropping, jamming or the discovery of the sequence of frequencies using algorithms (Popovski, Yomo Prasad, 2006). After the amendment of rules that permit frequency hopping stretched spectrum systems in the 2.4 GHZ band (unregulated) by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the frequency hopping technique has been used for civilian items like walkie-talkies being marketed as eXtreme Radio Services (eXRS). However, the main challenge facing systems that frequency hop lies on how to harmonize the transmitter and the receiver such that, there is a warranty that the transmitter will utilize all the channels after a specified time. The receiver will recognize the correct transmitter through the selection of a random channel; listening for legitimate data on the specific channel by identifying a particular sequence of that data that will not occur over the section of data for the channel (Popovski, Yomo Prasad, 2006). A fixed table of channel sequence can be used so that, when they have been synchronized, the receiver and the transmitter are able to maintain communication by following the table with a checksum segment for integrity and further identification. There are many variations of the FHSS, including the AFH, which is used to improve conflict with interference with radio frequency by staying away from the use of crowded frequencies in the hopping channel. The AFH will only use the good quality frequencies and avoid the bad ones because, it may be going through frequency selective fading, it is being jammed or an authorized entity is trying to use the bands thus, it should be accompanied by a means for identifying good and bad channels (Popovski, Yomo Prasad, 2006). Another form of variation is associated with cognitive radio, this is where the networks as well as devices display frequency-agile operations, and is a variety of frequency hopping, which goes through the existing frequencies consecutively. Buy custom Frequency Hopping essay

The effect of the Spanish American war on Cuban immigration to the Essay

The effect of the Spanish American war on Cuban immigration to the U.S. in the early 20th century - Essay Example This essay considers the nature of the Spanish American War as a seminal event in American history that had a tremendous influence on Cuban immigration to the United States. Spanish control of Cuba had dated back unto the early colonial period, as it was Christopher Columbus who first discovered the island in the 15th century. Cuban immigration to the United States had been prevalent as the two nations developed throughout the proceeding centuries, but greatly increased in the years immediately preceding the Spanish and American War. While this was in part brought on by the increased levels of revolutionary strife occurring throughout the country during this period, after the fall of the Spanish empire despotic rule in the Cuban colony greatly increased. It was during this period that Cuban farmers and intellectuals who had previously supported Spanish rule began to alter their perceptions and gradually support independence Indeed, prior to the Spanish American War, Cubans had engaged in a series of conflicts in an attempt to gain independence from Spanish rule (Corbitt 1963). Through the Ten Years’ War, the Little War, and the War of ’95, Cubans made strides to asserting their independence, although these wars were ultimately unsuccessful. During this period Cubans immigrated to the United States to avoid what they believed was oppressive Spanish rule, as well as to gain supporters for their revolutionary efforts. Cuban was an impoverished nation and country and the revolutionists didn’t have money for supplies to advance their revolutionary agenda. This poverty and internal strife also contributed in great part to the increased levels of immigration (Paterson 1996). Gradually, it was in great part due to the Cuban immigrants that moved to the United States and shifted public perception of the conflict that led to the United States involvement in the Spanish American War. The Cuban

Learning in Alisons Gopnik View Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Learning in Alisons Gopnik View - Essay Example Her study investigates the complicated intelligence-collecting and decision-making that young children and babies are accomplishing when they engage in play activities. Alison Gopnik asserts that babies and young children are the same as the research and development division of the human kind species and adults are the same as production and marketing unit of the human kind species. She explains that young children are the ones who keep on surveying in the blue-sky. They do this with the aim of finding out how the universe operates. In contrast, adults are the ones who, in reality, capture all the things we comprehend as young children and utilize them when we become adults. Alison Gopnik says that young children and babies employ their explorative component to analyze complicated theories relating to the world that is surrounding them, much more than adult persons do when their brains or intellect have reached full capacity. This talk specifically explains how young children and babies get their knowledge from childhood up to adult hood. Alison Gopnik describes young children and babies as mysterious and complex individuals. She seems to have a tremendous attention to young children’s’ minds and highlights a number of experiments and theories. In addition, she explains that both young children’s and babies’ cognitive capacities go beyond those that psychologists have been assigning to them. For example, young children and babies imagine a different person’s occurrences and take in cause and consequence.

World History Bringing it All Together Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World History Bringing it All Together - Essay Example Witness, for example, the impact of gunpowder; not only its role in the early Mongol invasions of Japan, but the ripple effect it created throughout history as that technology spawned not only primary improvements in the substance itself, but also tactical warfare revolutions into the medieval baronies and even later. This is only one example of a single new technology changing society and civilization forever. Discussion 2 - Inequality. Certainly when viewed from today's perspective, the institutionalized social and gender inequality during this time is repugnant. Man's inhumanity to man has always been a shocking part of history, and the socialized stigma of being a woman, or a Jew, or a slave certainly recognized no individual human right in the modern sense. That said, however, I want to note that it was upon these unequal foundations that civilization was built. Accepting the status quo was the very mindset that allowed those enslaved by the Romans to build the empire. Without the technological development of the Romans, built on the backs of those slaves, we wouldn't have running water.

Components Constituting A Business Environment Commerce Essay

Components Constituting A Business Environment Commerce Essay The rapid changes in the healthcare environment have exerted significant pressures on the hospitals to pay attention to marketing strategies in general and health service strategy in particular. Therefore this research investigates the influence macro environment factors have on the health service strategy made by the hospital managers. This study proposes and tests a four factor macro environment model that explains the considerable variation in health service strategy in the hospitals. These factors include political, Economic, Social, and Technology, namely the PEST Analysis. The study goes on to conduct a SWOT Analysis of the organisation and critically evaluate how the organisation can accomplish to meet the stakeholders expectations, and the influence that specific stakeholders have on a health and social care organisation. We will critically assess the role of information management systems for improving the performance of a health and social care organisation, and the decisio n making techniques that the management uses to come up with the business strategies of an organisation. Components constituting a business environment The two broad categories that any business environment can be classified into are external and internal environments. A macro environment is thus a part of the external environment. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT MACRO ENVIRONMENT MICRO ENVIRONMENT Figure 1: Business environment and its components MACRO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS OF AN ORGANISATION The new environment reality affecting the operation and performance of organizations is being characterized by continuous and often unpredictable change. As a result, many calls have been voiced for organizations to build the ability to respond and adapt to changing and uncertain environmental conditions, in order to sustain their competitive situation (Cardwell Bolon, 1996; Godiwalla et al., 1997; Chung, 2008; Aapo Tomas, 2008). Macro environment has been the subject of considerable research in both business and marketing literature recently. Furthermore, it became an area of primary concern to all organizations, depending critically on a subtle understanding and analysis of both the industry within which the hospital will compete, and the competitors working in same arena. Studying macro environment factors is an important issue in terms of the increased pressure placed upon hospitals and the competition that exists between hospitals. Any attempt at conceptualizing the term macro environment should, at some stage, involve an attempt to answer certain questions, such as: 1. What is the meaning of macro environment in hospital industry? 2. What are the main factors of macro environment? And how do they influence health organizations? MACRO ENVIRONMENT Macro environment is largely external to the business enterprise. Macro environment factors are uncontrollable factors and beyond the direct influence and control of the organisation. Its factors are powerfully influence to its functions. External environment consists of individuals, groups, agencies, organisations, events, conditions and forces. These are frequently contacted by the organisation for its functions. It establishes good interaction and interdependent relations in form of conducts business transitions. Proper designing and administration of macro environment enable appropriate strategies and policies to cope with and make changes. The major forces represent uncontrollable variables that hospitals must monitor and to which they must be respond. Marketers must also pay attention to interactions among forces to identify and take advantage of new opportunities and threats. For example of the offerings are affordable (economic), they may actually change attitudes and behaviour (social cultural) (Kotler et al., 2008). Macro-environment consists of broader forces that affect the actors in the micro environment (Armstrong Kotler, 2011). There are several elements for a macro environment, a detailed picture of which is given below. Figure 2: Macro Environment Elements The importance of analyzing the macro environment arises from the critical role it plays in the growth and profitability of organizations. This fact has been clearly highlighted by Kotha and Nair (1995), and later by Wagner and Gooding (1997). Thus, by understanding an organizations external environment, Fombrun and Shanley (1992), Gimeno and Woo (1996) indicate that strategic decision-makers can not only help improve its competitive position but also increase its operational efficiency, and win battles in the field of global economy. Based on this conclusion, Hill and Jones (1998) have further argued that to succeed, an organization must either fit its strategy to the industry/sector environment in which it operates, or be able to reshape the industry/ sectors environment to its advantage through its choice of strategy. Thus, companies typically fail when their strategy no longer fits the environment in which they operate (Hill and Jones, 1998). Crucially, any study of the external environment should include the identification of four major factors, namely Political, Economic, Social and Technological. PEST ANALYSIS Political Factor: A Political environment consists of laws, government agencies, and pressure groups that influence or limit various organizations and individuals in a given society (Armstrong Kotler, 2011). The political factors that may influence the health service strategy in healthcare scenario in particular are government objectives, policies, decisions, legal restrictions, various governmental units sharing legislative authority, laws concerning taxation, and privatization decisions. The clinical governance structure has, at its fundamentals, the foundation philosophy of continuous quality improvement (CQI) and total quality management (TQM). These two philosophies were developed first in manufacturing and industry, and then adopted by health services institutions in the early 1990s (Berwick, 1989; Kitson, 1994). The overall philosophy is to generate a culture of continuous quality based on effective cooperation between staff, systems spotlight, investment in people and staff, and self-monitori ng (McLaughlin and Kaluzny, 1999; Ovretveit, 2000). The political environment is based on the uncertainty. In some countries with multiple numbers of political parties, a political party does not get clear majority to form a government. In this situation, business activities collapse due to minority supported government. The political parties are unable to formulate stable government; it affects and fluctuate the government policies. Therefore, business organisation and public need a stable government to function smoothly. Economic Factor: The economic environment consists of factors that affect consumer purchasing power and spending patterns (Kotler et al., 2011). It includes the economic conditions, economic policies, and the economic system that is important to external factors of business. Economic fluctuations in the home market and inflationary factors are also impacts that have an influence, because they can produce both positive and negative effects on the demand for goods and services. For example, they could affect the specifications of certain goods or may require workers to receive specific types of training or preparation (George, 2009; Girijasankar Bhar, 2011). The economic conditions of the country include nature of the economy of the country, the general economic situation in the region, conditions in resource markets like money, material, market raw material components, services, supply markets and so on which influence the supply of inputs to the organisation, their costs, quality, availability and reliability of supply of products and services. The application of economic analysis in healthcare decision making, however, particularly with regard to medical necessity, has proven to be highly controversial. Evidence varies regarding the extent to which decision makers actually use economic analysis. Socio-cultural Factor: Social and cultural environment is made up of institutions and other forces that affect a societys basic values, perceptions, preferences, and behaviours (Kotler et al., 2011; Armstrong Kotler, 2011). Socio-cultural trends can present both threats and opportunities for many hospitals. They are reflected in customer wants and needs in terms of a health service. Some of the constituents of the Socio-cultural factor are population, health, education and social mobility, and attitudes to these. Socio-cultural environment is an important factor that should be analyzed while formulating company business strategies. If a company ignores the customs, traditions, tastes and preferences and education, it can affect the business. It consists of factors which are related to human relationships and the impact of social attitudes and cultural values. These are bearing on the business of the organisation. Technological factors: The technology is perhaps the most dramatic force now shaping, our destiny (Kotler et al., 2011). Technological factors include impact of emerging technologies, Impact of Internet, reduction in communications costs, increased remote working, research and development activity, and impact of technology transfer. Technological factors sometimes pose serious problems. A firm that unable to cope with technological changes may not be survived. Further, the differing technological environment of different markets may be called for service modifications. Technology in health services organizations has released such good things antibiotics, robotic surgery, MRI. The technologies environment change rapidly. In the past most of healthcare managers did not know about the ever-updating technologies that they get to know of nowadays. New technologies create new markets and opportunities. Therefore, the healthcare managers should study these updating technologies around the world to adopt them in their healthcare business or hospitals. Dramatic advancements in updating technology affect not only the products and services offered by organizations to customers but also the work processes needed. They can offer opportunities to those who can take benefit of such advancements. Otherwise, expecting and responding to technological trends can prove to be costly (Kotler et al., 2008). SWOT ANALYSIS In order to determine factors both within the external environment and within the organisation, a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis have been carried out, the findings of which are enumerated as follows. Strengths: Healthcare brand in the UK is a universally known and well-respected brand. An important sector in all local economies that is a major source of skilled employment. National government prioritisation of the sector for assistance and skills development. Future employment growth on an upward trend. There is scope for greater integration and higher profile of social care There are strong links between Department of Health and the other healthcare institutions like NHS There are several dedicated communications resources working on social care There are healthcare companies with working groups with key stakeholders already set up Weaknesses: Every healthcare organisation has strong links to the Department of Health, therefore are unable to establish as an independent organisation. The complexity of the sector and its institutions. A negative public perception of the sector as being characterised by low pay, anti-social hours and working conditions. Substantial recruitment difficulties and skills gaps. The healthcare staff come from different and varied cultures and countries and need to create a common identity of working. Intensive training has to be provided yet to all the staff, in addition to communication training; everybodys still learning the job. Information collected has essentially remained the same for some time. Decreased relevance and usefulness. Perceived burden of collection among stakeholders. Healthcare branding, for example the NHS, is a barrier for social care stakeholders. Opportunities: To be seen as a source of information independent from government and Department of Health. Large-scale recruitment of new and skilled staff. Engage new stakeholders. Improved levels of service associated with a better trained and motivated workforce. Potential for improved IT systems and skills to increase patient focus of care and early reporting of medical successes and shortcomings. Radical pay reform agenda in the NHS which for the first time aligns pay and reward with knowledge and skills development. Improve the online presentation of statistics. Move from measuring activities to measuring outputs and outcomes will make information of more practical use in implementation and monitoring of services. Chance to be seen to streamline collection processes. Threats: Loss of proper skills and knowledge. Vast diversity in the cultural and communicational backgrounds of the staff and not being able to follow a single agenda. The highly politicised nature of the NHS undermining medium and long term planning. An older age profile than the average for all industries with proportionately low numbers of young employees entering the workforce. A relatively high turnover of staff in some sub-sectors and occupations. Lack of management skills. Slippage to delivery of a common initiative, and its effect on the credibility of the programme. Failure to adequately consult with and engage all stakeholders. Wider local government agenda may be obstructive. STAKEHOLDERS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR The term Stakeholders refers to everybody who has an interest in the health and well being of the local population and the delivery and development of health and social care services. They can range from individual service users and carers to service providers such as primary care professionals, other statutory organisations and local Councils as well as the voluntary and community sectors and the wider public. SERVICE PROVIDERS CARE COMMISSIONERS SERVICE USERS Figure 3: Stakeholders that constitutes core elements of health Stakeholders can be classified into four groups: Key Players Keep satisfied Keep informed Minimal effort Key Players: These are the most important Stakeholders they have high power and high interest in healthcare sector and its activities. Such stakeholders need to be involved in all relevant developments and could have a considerable influence over the future of healthcare sector. They include health commissioners, Practice Based Commissioning (PBC) Groups, the NHS, specialist commissioners (For example, Neuro), healthcare providers, local full time officers of recognised unions, patient representative groups, healthcare sector employees, public health, GPs, board members, and local trusts. Keep Satisfied: This is a particularly difficult group to deal with. In this group, we often find regional representative or legislative bodies. They behave passively most of the time, but that can exert an enormous impact on the organisation. It is therefore necessary to analyze potential intentions and reactions of these groups in all major developments, and to involve them according to their interests. This group includes MPs, Interest Groups, Health Scrutiny Committee, CFT members, local media, Local Strategic Partnerships, Health and Well Being Board, Care Quality Commission, and other professional bodies Keep Informed: Stakeholders in this group have a high interest in the organisation and its actions. However, they have limited means to influence. Despite their lower influence, such stakeholders could be valuable allies in important decisions. Therefore, it is advisable to keep them informed about the issues they are interested in. This group of stakeholders may include voluntary organisations, local communities, communities that are hard to reach, Mental Health Trust, Care givers and users, and other independent sector organisations and competitors. Minimal Effort: Stakeholders in this group have little interest in healthcare corporate plans. They also has little power to exert much impact. It is therefore appropriate to keep these groups informed, but not invest too much effort into them. They include housing, police and national media. Focused on users, carers and communities, stakeholder involvement must focus on directly accessing the views of service users and carers who are using health and social care services as well as those living in communities who are experiencing the greatest levels of health inequalities to ensure they are having appropriate influence in shaping future priorities. Following are the principles that will underpin all stakeholder involvement: Stakeholders must see that their input has a real impact on the decisions made and that they are making a real difference to how local services are being planned and delivered. It is essential that feedback from involvement processes is communicated to participants and that the reasons for why particular decisions were taken are clearly outlined. The level of involvement should be proportionate to the scale of the issue being considered. The method of involvement should be tailored to ensure that appropriate stakeholders are accessed. It is important that all stakeholders are provided with an opportunity to participate and are actively supported to become involved either at a locality level or on a specific issue basis. It is recommended that, as far as possible, across Health and Social Care organisations, involvement with stakeholders on needs assessment and strategy development be taken forward jointly by the Regional Board, the Agency and Trusts. Staff working in each of the organisations should seek to form close working relationships to ensure that there is minimal duplication in involving local stakeholders and agree joint processes for taking forward this work. By adopting a more collective approach it will maximise the use of available resources both in terms of staff and information, minimise the time required from stakeholders to contribute to involvement exercises and ensure that all sections within the health and care sector hear the same messages and can plan services accordingly. ROLE OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE SECTOR Information management systems have much to offer in managing healthcare costs and in improving the quality of care (Kolodner et al. 2008). In addition to the embedded role of information technology in clinical and diagnostics equipment, Information systems are uniquely positioned to capture, store, process, and communicate timely information to decision makers for better coordination of healthcare at both the individual and population levels. For example, data mining and decision support capabilities can identify potential adverse events for an individual patient while also contributing to the populations health by providing insights into the causes of disease complications. All types of business need robust and comprehensive quality and business management systems however this takes on added importance when lives are in the hands of the business involved. Healthcare is certainly in that category. Another hallmark of healthcare information is that it is highly personal. As a result, any transfer of information between parties via technology involves risks that the information could fall into the wrong hands. Although electronic information can be made as secure as paper records, electronic storage may be perceived as having a higher likelihood of leakage, and such fears get further compounded by media attention. Thus, patients perceived probability of compromised privacy is often higher than the actual probability. An ideal Information management system should help the clients: Provides complete data protection and privacy Meet the business improvement objectives. Provide interfaces to other existing database repositories. Strategically unite and align quality and business process information that produces reliability improvement and meets standards Enable business governance and organizational communication. Streamline access and utilization of data repositories and analytical systems needed for long-term business improvement. Provide analytics and robust search features for healthcare process performance, analysis, management review, and planning. Healthcare costs have been increasing and the demand for reasonably priced high quality services is also on the rise. Effectiveness of a hospital or nursing home depends on the efficiency of its operations and management systems. Some of the major factors determining the efficacy of a health institution include patient care management and patient satisfaction. In order to meet these requirements there has been the growing need to implement hospital information systems. The healthcare industry has witnessed an increased spending on IT with most of the hospitals and healthcare organizations shifting to electronically-based information systems. Healthcare Information management system should provide equal access to medical records throughout the country by making the diagnosis online through different digital tools. This could make sharing information among physicians for treatment and consultation much easier. It should ensure improved quality and assurance, archiving capabilities. This is is a major tool to measure clinical outcomes and control budget. It needs strong infrastructure to broadly utilize the data available online to provide continuity on database and information integration. When you take a healthcare organisation, for example a hospital, the information management system should provide decision making processes based on qualitative information and knowledge. There should be a continuity of medical data and care information. This will aid in improving and increasing the efficiency of healthcare processes. It will also help in increasing clinical safety and the quality of the results. It is with no doubt that it can be said that better Information management system can provide better documentation and better customer services. The following diagram depicts an example of what an Information Management System in a hospital should include. DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS VISITS AND HOSPITALIZATION IMAGING TREATMENT INFORMATION MEDICATION INFORMATION LAB RESULTS FAMILY HISTORY MEDICAL HISTORY PATIENT Figure 4: Patient Information Management System DECISION MAKING IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE SECTOR Most decision-making techniques use a process used by leaders and managers to make decisions. This includes the following steps: Identifying and defining the problem. Gathering information, facts and assumptions. Analyzing the situation. Developing options and solutions. Comparing and evaluating these options and solutions. Select the solution that best addresses the problem, or a best alternative decision. Acting on the decision. The way in which decision making is approached is recognised as an important function of leadership and management in health care. This increasing interest in the process of decision making as a function of management is evidence of a much larger shift in management thinking among the academic community. Although we traditionally associate leadership and management in health care with individuals, the complexity of change required in the health care system means a new paradigm of management is required. Relational approaches to healthcare management offer an alternative view. Rather than being the function of an individual, leadership is considered to be an outcome of the processes that emerge when several individuals interact. Relational processes are being recognised as just as influential in changing peoples attitudes, behaviours and actions as the direct influence of a formal manager. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS In conclusion, this study mainly focuses on the healthcare sector and the external factors that affect the management of the healthcare issues. Macro environment is a very important aspect in the healthcare sector. The study assesses the macro environment and its impacts on the health service strategy with the help of analytical tool like PEST analysis. The empirical conclusions drawn from this study are multi-faceted and as a consequence it is important that healthcare managers pay attention to the influences of PEST environment elements on health service strategy. The study concludes that healthcare scenario requires new health services, for enabling the hospital to meet the needs and wants of the largest possible market. Also if medical technology worldwide is updated it helps hospitals to gain opportunities that lead to increased market share and new market penetration. This study has outlined the stakeholder management strategy for healthcare sector to support the delivery of its organisational objectives and its development. It has established the current state of understanding of stakeholder power and impact, identifies key stakeholder groups and the influence of each group on the healthcare organisation. It also identifies the how the key strategic priorities and action plan for improving stakeholder relationships will be developed. The decision making process has been shifted from the main management and doctors to a wider range of management. Some recommendations for further research in this area: The study could be replicated with other services to further examine the transferability of the macro environment in the healthcare industry. Study the proposed model in other European countries in order to gain more validation for the model and more generalised findings. Study other service sectors, like public sector, in order to develop a model that represents the service sector more generally, rather than representing the healthcare sector alone.

Emily Dickenson :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Emily Dickenson Emily Dickinson was raised in a traditional New England home in the mid 1800's. Her father along with the rest of the family had become Christians and she alone decided to rebel against that and reject the Church. She like many of her contemporaries had rejected the traditional views in life and adopted the new transcendental outlook. Massachusetts, the state where Emily was born and raised in, before the transcendental period was the epicenter of religious practice. Founded by the puritans, the feeling of the avenging had never left the people. After all of the "Great Awakenings" and religious revivals the people of New England began to question the old ways. What used to be the focal point of all lives was now under speculation and often doubted. People began to search for new meanings in life. People like Emerson and Thoreau believed that answers lie in the individual. Emerson set the tone for the era when he said, "Whoso would be a [hu]man, must be a non-conformist." Emily Dickinson believed and practiced this philosophy. When she was young she was brought up by a stern and austere father. In her childhood she was shy and already different from the others. Like all the Dickinson children, male or female, Emily was sent for formal education in Amherst Academy. After attending Amherst Academy with conscientious thinkers such as Helen Hunt Jackson, and after reading many of Emerson's essays, she began to develop into a free willed person. Many of her friends had converted to Christianity, her family was also putting enormous amount of pressure for her to convert. No longer the submissive youngster she would not bend her will on such issues as religion, literature and personal associations. She maintained a correspondence with Rev. Charles Wadsworth over a substantial period of time. Even though she rejected the Church as a entity she never did reject or accept God. Wadsworth appealed to her because he had an incredibly powerful mind and deep emotions. When he left the East in 1861 Emily was scarred and expressed her deep sorrow in three successive poems in the following years. They were never romantically involved but their relationship was apparently so profound that Emily's feelings for him she sealed herself from the outside world. Her life became filled with gloom and despair until she met Judge Otis P. Emily Dickenson :: GCSE English Literature Coursework Emily Dickenson Emily Dickinson was raised in a traditional New England home in the mid 1800's. Her father along with the rest of the family had become Christians and she alone decided to rebel against that and reject the Church. She like many of her contemporaries had rejected the traditional views in life and adopted the new transcendental outlook. Massachusetts, the state where Emily was born and raised in, before the transcendental period was the epicenter of religious practice. Founded by the puritans, the feeling of the avenging had never left the people. After all of the "Great Awakenings" and religious revivals the people of New England began to question the old ways. What used to be the focal point of all lives was now under speculation and often doubted. People began to search for new meanings in life. People like Emerson and Thoreau believed that answers lie in the individual. Emerson set the tone for the era when he said, "Whoso would be a [hu]man, must be a non-conformist." Emily Dickinson believed and practiced this philosophy. When she was young she was brought up by a stern and austere father. In her childhood she was shy and already different from the others. Like all the Dickinson children, male or female, Emily was sent for formal education in Amherst Academy. After attending Amherst Academy with conscientious thinkers such as Helen Hunt Jackson, and after reading many of Emerson's essays, she began to develop into a free willed person. Many of her friends had converted to Christianity, her family was also putting enormous amount of pressure for her to convert. No longer the submissive youngster she would not bend her will on such issues as religion, literature and personal associations. She maintained a correspondence with Rev. Charles Wadsworth over a substantial period of time. Even though she rejected the Church as a entity she never did reject or accept God. Wadsworth appealed to her because he had an incredibly powerful mind and deep emotions. When he left the East in 1861 Emily was scarred and expressed her deep sorrow in three successive poems in the following years. They were never romantically involved but their relationship was apparently so profound that Emily's feelings for him she sealed herself from the outside world. Her life became filled with gloom and despair until she met Judge Otis P.

Regulatory Bodies Essay

4.3 Explain the roles of regulatory bodies relevant to the education sector which exist to monitor and enforce the legislative framework As well as local and national government schools are answerable to regulative bodies and these include, the schools governing body, the health and safety executive and OFSTED. All of whom exist to monitor and enforce legislation. The schools governing body is built up from differing members of the school community, including school management, parents, teaching and non-teaching staff, members from the wider school community and general public. They are responsible for setting the general direction/ethos the school should be developing and reviewing and monitoring that aims and objectives are being met. It should have a good relationship with its head teacher and both should be accountable to parents, pupils, staff and the wider community. The governing body of a school is responsible for its conduct and educational achievement which also means they are responsible for standards including staffing, policies, performance management, finance, discipline, curriculum, any areas of SEN> In order to do so meets regularly and evaluates, sets standards and reports to parents. There are many policies that schools have to adhere to and the schools governing body is responsible for reviewing these at least annually. The policies will include: Child protection Attendance Behaviour Staff discipline and behaviour Pupil discipline Risk assessments Ofsted’s report Prospectus of the school Data protection Home/school relationships. Another regulatory body that enforces policies are the Health and Safety Executive. Every school or educational establishment must have their own Health and safety policy with guidelines set by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) who are a government body. School Health and Safety policies should contain details of what schools are responsible for whilst children are in their care and this will include school trips etc., I If there is an accident or incident whilst a child is at school it helps staff to follow correct procedure and also protects them from any comeback if the schools procedure is followed correctly. Parents are fully entitled to request a copy of the schools health and safety policy (and any other school policies) and if by reading the policy they have questions or concerns they can contact the HSE directly. Ofsted (Office for standards in education, Children’s services and skills) are a very important regularotory body and report directly to parliament. They carry out inspections and regulatory visits throughout educational establishments, and provide a report. Which should be able to be viewed on the schools website. Ofsted work to government legislation and have statutory guidance which is based upon safeguarding children and safer recruitment. Ofsted inspectors will be looking to collect first hand evidence on good practice and will be observing to collect information in order to make a professional judgement on the school and their ethos in order to publish their report. They will also collect information from pupils and parents in order to make this report well rounded. They will be looking at school policies and procedures, provision of the national curriculum, social care, different ion, leadership, communication etc., Ofsted can rate a school ranging from outstanding to placing a school in special measures. Its aim would be for all schools to be outstanding, although in reality that is not going to happen, if a school is placed in special measures or indeed gets good rather than outstanding Ofsted will work with the school to help it tighten its policies, procedures and practice with the aim of the school improving and giving good outcomes fro all.

The 13th Warrior essays

The 13th Warrior essays Ahmed Ibn Fadlan is an Arab courtier who is sent to the barbaric north because he was seduced by a merchant's wife and was sent on an errand by the Caliph as a punishment. Soon, the Arab leaves the City of Peace and starts his travels to the city of Yiltawar. Soon, though, Ibn Fadlan, the pages and guides encounter trouble with the Oguz Turks, but escape death and continue their travels. When Ibn Fadlan is traveling along the Volga River, he comes into contact with the Norsemen, or the Vikings. He describes them as gigantic people carrying broad swords, axes, and daggers. The Northmen's leader, Wyglif had died, and a young noble named Buliwyf was chosen to be the new leader. Then, one of Buliwyf's kin, Wulfgar entered the camp and informed Buliwyf of a dread and unnamed terror that was terrorizing his father, King Rothgar, and his kingdom. Then the Angel of Death came in, and stated that Buliwyf and 12 other men had to go help, but the 13th warrior had to be foreign. It was stated that Ibn Fadlan was to go with the Vikings on their quest to save King Rothgar's kingdom. The 12 other warriors Ibn Fadlan were traveling with were, of course, Buliwyf the leader, Ecthgow, Higlak, Herger, Skeld, Weath, Rethel, Roneth, Halga, Helfdane, Edgtho, and Haltaf. Ibn Fadlan struggled at first to understand his comrades' Norse tongue but eventually after the long journey he learned to recognize and speak a little of it. The Northmen often made fun of Ibn Fadlan and his "clean ways" and his one god, Allah. The Vikings believed that there were many gods, including the all-powerful Odin who helped them in battle. During the long voyage, Ibn Fadlan befriends Herger, who can translate for him. After resting at the encampment at Trelburg, they depart. Upon arriving to their destination of the kingdom of Rothgar in the land of the Venden, they first enter a large hut filled with rotting, decapitated bodies of men, women, and child ...

French Expressions Using Mettre

French Expressions Using Mettre The French verb mettre literally means to put and is also used in many idiomatic expressions. Learn how to take great care in doing something, spend money on, bolt the door, and more with this list of expressions with mettre. Common Expressions Using Mettre mettre 5 heures faireto take 5 hours to do something mettre jourto update mettre lessaito put to the test mettre beaucoup de soin faireto take great care in doing something mettre de lardeur faire quelque choseto do something eagerly mettre de largent dansto put money into mettre de largent pourto pay for mettre de largent surto spend money on mettre de leau dans son vinto tone it down mettre en colà ¨reto make angry mettre en reliefto bring out, enhance, accentuate mettre la radioto turn on the radio mettre la tableto set the table mettre le rà ©veilto set the alarm mettre le verrouto bolt the door mettre les bouts (familiar)Get lost! mettre les informationsto turn on the news mettre les pieds dans le platsimilar to mess up; put ones foot in ones mouth mettre les voiles (familiar)Get lost! mettre quelque chose platto lay something down flat mettre quelque chose deboutto stand something up mettre (quelque chose) de cà ´tà ©to put (something) aside mettre quelque chose droitto set something straight mettre quelquun (parmi les grands)  to rank or rate someone (among the greats) mettre quelquun au pasto bring someone in line mettre quelquun dans lobligation/la nà ©cessità © de faireto compel someone to do something mettre sa langue dans sa poche (informal)to be quiet, stay silent mettre son grain de sel (informal)to stick ones nose in, to butt in Il y a mis le temps  !Hes taken his sweet time doing it! Jy mets la dernià ¨re mainIm putting the finishing touches on Mettons que...Lets say/Suppose that... On ma mis au pied du mur.I was cornered. Quest-ce quils nous ont mis  !They beat the heck out of us! Va te faire mettre  ! (slang)Get lost! Meanings and Usage ofSe Mettre The pronominal French verb  se  mettre  has several possible meanings and is also used in many idiomatic expressions. Learn how to come clean, team up, gather round, and more expressions with  se  mettre. to becometo get (obtain)to goto put onto put  oneself ne  pas  savoir  oà ¹Ã‚  se  mettreto not know what to do with oneself se  mettre  au  franà §ais, la  guitareto start learning French, to play the guitar se  mettre     infinitiveto start doing something se  mettre  Ã‚  poil  (informal)to strip off, strip down to ones birthday suit se  mettre  Ã‚  quelquunto team up with someone se  mettre  au  rà ©gimeto go on a diet se  mettre   tableto sit down to eat, to come clean se  mettre  autour  deto gather round se  mettre  au  travailto start working se  mettre  au  vertto lie low se  mettre  avecto team up with, side with se  mettre  dans  une  colà ¨re  noireto fly into a terrible rage se  mettre  dans  une  situation dà ©licateto get oneself into an awkward situation se  mettre  en colà ¨reto get angry se  mettre  sur  son  trente  et unto get dressed to the nines se mettre sur un rangto form a line/queue se  mettre  une  idà ©e  dans  la tà ªteto get an idea into ones head sen  mettre  partoutto get covered in it, to get something all over oneself sy  mettreto get down to, to get on with sy  mettre  Ã‚   nounto go on, take up sy  mettre   infinitiveto start doing Meanings and Usage ofLa Mise Mise  is  the feminine of  mis, the past participle of  mettre.  La mise  has numerous meanings and is also used in many idiomatic expressions. Learn how to say involvement, make-up, leg-pulling and more with this list of expressions with  mise. putting, settingclothing, attire(betting) stake, ante(business) outlay la mise exà ©cutionimplementation, enforcement la mise feufiring, setting off, blast-off la mise jouract  of updating, updated la mise   leaulaunch la mise mortkill la mise pied  (employment)dismissal la mise   prixreserve/upset price la mise  au  mondebirth la mise  au  pointtuning, focusing, clarification la mise  basbirth (of an animal) la mise de fondscapital outlay la mise en abà ®memise en abyme,  image  within its own image la mise en accusationindictment la mise en bià ¨replacement into a coffin la mise en boà ®tecanning; (informal) ridiculing, leg-pulling la mise en  bouteillebottling la mise en causecalling into question, pointing a finger at la mise en conditionconditioning la mise en conservecanning la mise en demeureformal demand or notice la mise en examenplacing under investigation la mise en forme(sports) warming/limbering up; (typography) imposition la mise en gagepawning la mise en  jambeswarm-up exercises la mise en  jeuinvolvement, bringing into play la mise en  marchestarting up (a machine or apparatus) la mise en Å“uvreimplementation la mise en  ondes  (radio)production la mise en page  (typography)make-up la mise en placeset up, stocking,  imposition la mise en  plishair setting la mise en pratiqueputting into practice la mise en reliefenhancement, accentuation la mise en routestarting up, setting off/out la mise en sacspacking la mise en scà ¨ne  (theater, film)production la mise en service - La mise en service de  lautobus  sera...putting or starting into service - The bus will be put into service on... la mise en valeurdevelopment, improvement la mise en  vigueurenforcement la mise  sur  piedsetting up à ªtre de mise(fig) to be acceptable, appropriate; (archaic) to be in circulation, legal currency remporter  la miseto carry the day, win big sauver  la miseto withdraw from a game of stakes; (fig) to save the day

Strategic Corporate Finance ASSIGNMENT 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Corporate Finance ASSIGNMENT 2 - Essay Example The company had ?1.69 worth net assets per share which has been improved to?1.72 in 2011. b) Cost of Capital The following are the computations in respect of calculating the weighted average cost of capital for Marks & Spencer. The cost of equity of M&S is found to be 4.5% whereas cost of debt is found to be 4%. The overall weighted average cost of capital after accounting for the value of equity and value of debt, is found to be 4.33%. Cost of Equity (CAPM)       Re = Rf + Beta (Risk Premium)          = 0.03 + 0.75 (0.02)       Re = 4.50% Cost of Debt       Rd = Annual Coupon    Current Bond Price          = 5    125       Rd = 4.00% Value of Equity Ve = Current Share Price x No. of Shares outstanding = 3.76 x 1600 = 6016 Value of Debt Vd = Current Bond Price x No. of Bonds Issued = 125 x 2489 = 3111                         100       Weights       Wd = Debt = 3111 = 34.09%    Debt + Equity 3111 + 6016          We = Equi ty = 6016 = 65.91%       Debt + Equity    3111 + 6016       WACC       WACC = [Wd x Rd] + [We x Re]          = [ 34.09% x 4%] + [65.91% x 4.5%]          = 4.33% c) Dividend Growth Model The following is the calculation of theoretical ex-right price by using Gordon’s dividend growth model. ... 7(1+0.02) = 693.6       K – g    0.045 - 0.02       From the above calculations, it can be noted that if the growth rate of dividend is zero, the theoretical ex-right price of the M&S share is around 377 pence. On the other hand, if the dividends are expected to grow at 2%, in that case there will be a massive growth in the share price of M&S such that it is likely to reach at 693 pence which is extremely high. Under the given circumstances, when the current share price id 363 pence, the theoretical ex-right price of 377 pence, seems to be more appropriate than the share price of 693 pence which seems quite optimistic. d) Value per sharing using the price earnings (p/e) ratio The following are the price earnings ratio of Marks & Spencer for the years 2011 and 2012. Price Earnings Ratio    31-Mar-12 11-Jan-13 P/E Ratio = 376 = 11.56923 = 363 = 11.2       32.5             32.5       It can be observed that the Price Earnings ratio of M&S was at 11.56 in the year 2011. However, it reduced to 11.2 in the last year because the share price of the company decreased. If the P/E ratio of retail industry is compared with that of M&S, it can be observed that the P/E ratio of M&S is significantly higher than that of the industry. The retail industry is following a P/E multiple of 8.5 times whereas M&S is having more than 11 times. This shows that the share price of M&S is over-valued as compare to other industry participants. Task 2 Introduction There are various views regarding a particular stock as different market participants look at the stocks with different objectives and views. However, the only thing which is followed by all the investors is the fundamentals (Babu, 2012). Fundamental is the concept in finance which deals with the performance of the company in the given

Challenges of Mid-level Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Challenges of Mid-level Management - Essay Example All decisions made by administrators must be weighed carefully. This is to provide a lasting positive impact on the organization’s revenue, its staff, and patients. This is a tough duty, but one that must be carried to completion, without fail (Wheatley, 2006). One of the core issues that affect health care administrators is the conflict of interest. Here, administrators are brought or weighed down by the fact that; their relationship with financial institutions may force them to make decisions that do not cater to their patients’ desires and wants (Ransom, Maulik & Nash, 2005). This is often seen with the insurance policies that cover patients once they are in for severe cases that warrant medical attention. It is also a common occurrence to see physicians and professional doctors getting into pacts with these financial institutions, which coerce them into getting capital for their institution through patients (Wheatley, 2006). This is sometimes seen through continuous tests and procedures that are unnecessary, and prove costly to the individuals involved. It is up to the healthcare administrators to restrain and warn physicians from entering into pacts with these financial institutions. This is with a rise in the ethical dilemmas the administration is being put through and the challenge that faces mid-level management in the healthcare field, in the 21st century. Another frightening task that comes up is the need to provide appropriate medical care, over the cost of management.